Climate models are the foundation of every climate risk projection, from corporate TCFD reports to national adaptation plans. Over 30 global climate models contributed to the CMIP6 dataset that underpins the IPCC AR6 assessment, producing projections of temperature, precipitation, and…
Nature underpins over half of global GDP, yet most organizations have no structured way to assess their dependence on ecosystems or report nature-related risks. The TNFD framework addresses that gap. Released in September 2023, it provides a standardized approach for…
Over 23,000 companies disclosed environmental data through CDP in 2023, making it the world’s largest climate disclosure platform. CDP reporting has become a baseline expectation for investors, supply chain partners, and regulators who need standardized climate risk data. Yet many…
Heat waves killed over 60,000 people in Europe during the summer of 2022, making extreme heat the deadliest climate hazard on the continent according to the World Health Organization. Globally, heat-related mortality is rising faster than any other weather-related cause…
RCP scenarios were the standard framework for climate projections from 2013 through 2021, powering the CMIP5 climate models used in IPCC AR5. While SSP scenarios have since replaced them in IPCC AR6, RCP scenarios remain widely referenced in existing climate…
SSP scenarios are the framework behind every modern climate projection. Introduced in IPCC AR6, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) define five possible futures for global development, energy use, and emissions policy. Each SSP scenario produces different warming outcomes, which in turn…
Global mean sea level has risen approximately 21 cm since 1900, with the rate of rise accelerating to 3.7 mm per year in the decade ending 2022, according to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. What was once a slow, steady…
Severe storms caused over $100 billion in insured losses globally in 2024, making it the costliest storm year on record according to Munich Re. From tropical cyclones to severe thunderstorms, storm risk is intensifying as a warmer atmosphere fuels more…
Wildfires burned over 28 million acres in the United States alone between 2020 and 2024, causing tens of billions in property damage and disrupting supply chains across multiple industries. A wildfire risk assessment evaluates the likelihood and potential severity of…
The 2025 Los Angeles wildfires burned over 40,000 acres, destroyed thousands of structures, and caused an estimated $250 billion in damages, making it one of the costliest wildfire events in U.S. history. Globally, wildfire seasons are growing longer and more…
