Banks, insurers, and central banks need a shared language for climate risk. Without it, every institution runs different assumptions, different time horizons, and different definitions of what counts as a bad outcome. NGFS climate scenarios — also called NGFS scenarios…
Three very different things get called “climate indicators,” and most confusion in this field starts with mixing them up. Global system indicators tell you the planet is warming. Country loss indices tell you which nations have been hit hardest in…
If you have worked with climate risk data, you have likely encountered NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 somewhere in the data pipeline. It powers climate risk platforms, feeds academic research, and supports TCFD-aligned scenario analysis. Yet most practitioners use it indirectly, through tools that…
What Is a Climate Data API? A climate data API provides programmatic access to climate projections, historical climate records, and risk scores. Unlike weather APIs that deliver short-term forecasts and current conditions, climate data APIs focus on long-term trends: temperature…
California has enacted the most comprehensive state-level climate disclosure laws in the United States. Two companion bills, California SB 261 (climate-related financial risk) and SB 253 (greenhouse gas emissions), together require thousands of companies to report on both their climate…
What Is Climate Risk Modeling? Climate risk modeling converts climate projections and historical observations into estimates of financial exposure for physical assets, portfolios, and supply chains. Where climate models simulate future atmospheric conditions (temperature, precipitation, sea level), climate risk models…
Land use planning determines how land is organized, developed, and protected within a community or region. It balances competing demands on limited land resources: housing, agriculture, industry, conservation, transportation, and recreation all require space, and planning decides how that space…
A strategic flood risk assessment (SFRA) evaluates flood risk across an entire planning area rather than a single site. Local planning authorities use SFRAs to decide where development can safely go, which locations need extra protection, and how climate change…
Cattle ranching deforestation accounts for roughly 80% of forest clearing in the Brazilian Amazon, making it the single largest driver of tropical forest loss anywhere on Earth. Brazil’s cattle herd in the Amazon region exceeds 200 million head, and the…
Deforestation satellite imagery has transformed forest monitoring from periodic ground surveys into near-real-time global surveillance. Satellites like Landsat and Sentinel-2 capture the Earth’s surface at regular intervals, and algorithms flag where forest cover has disappeared between passes. This is the…
